fix(wasm): Integration wasm uncaught WebAssembly.Exception (#13787) - #13854

Thanks for adding this PR 🙌
I added a commit with some TS fixes and tests. From my side it looks good :)

@trzeciak these tests fail on Node 20 as apparently there is no exception.message – any idea if there was dropped support? Could not find anything

@chargome I'm not entirely sure what you mean, but I'm not a JavaScript developer, just a C++ developer, and these changes are specifically to support C++ exceptions compiled to wasm and caught by JavaScript (it's a bit complicated 🙈).
If you're asking whether wasm can still throw exceptions in the browser, then yes it can: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/WebAssembly/Reference/JavaScript_interface/Exception
I don't know how it looks in node, it's possible that you need to update one of the new functions when the environment is node: isWebAssemblyException / extractType.